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Fishing, maritime, and river navigation
Vedutas and scenes

Traditional agriculture

ŽMAN (Dugi otok, Zadar archipelago)
Preparation of figs for drying on circular mats made of braided branches

Unidentified author, 1974.

Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia
Photo archive of the Conservation Department in Zadar
Inv. No. 18988, neg. 6059A
TOPOLO (Dubrovnik area)
A women strings tobacco leaves for drying purpose

Miha Miljanić, 1974.

Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia
Photo archive of the Conservation Department in Dubrovnik
Inv. No. 4199-11
OSOR (THE ISLAND OF CRES, on the isthmus that once connected the nowdays separated islands of Cres and Lošinj)
Renaissance arch lintel and onion (the words arch and onion are pronounced the same in the Croatian language, only with a different accent)

Valentin Šerak, 1954.

Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia
Photo archive of the Conservation Department in Rijeka
Inv. No. 5209, neg. II-1243

BARBARIGA (Peroj, southern part of Istria)
Kažun,
a small Polish circular dry-walled house of which there were up to 20,000 in the 19th century in Vodnjanština (the southwestern part of Istria), and today there are approximately 5,000 of them registered in the whole of Istria. In the past, they served as a storehouse for field tools and shelter from storms for people and small livestock, and the rare, larger ones, and as a residence during field work. Today they are just a decoration in olive groves and vineyards. Similar buildings are also known in Dalmatia, where they are called bunje, trini, ćemeri, poljarice or kućarice, but also throughout the Mediterranean.

Central Commission for Research and Maintenance of Architectural Monuments (Central-Commision zur Erforschung und Erhaltung der Baudenkmale), 19th century or beginning of 20th century

Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia
Photo archive of the Conservation Department in Rijeka
OTOK (Vinkovci, Slavonia, eastern part of Croatia)
Suvara
Matanova suvara is one of the eight existing horse-powered mills dating from the 19th century. The remaining three Otok’s suvaras are monuments of the highest cultural value and are the only restored and preserved objects of their kind in Croatia and Southeastern Europe.

Rudolf Bartolović, 1967.

Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia
Photo archive of the Conservation Department in Osijek
Inv. No. 3744, neg. 140-B-3
PUNAT (Island of Krk)
Windmill
Almost nothing is known about this wind powered mill today except that it was in use until 1903 when it was replaced by an electric powered mill.
The photo is a reproduction from the 60s of the 20th century of a photo from the 19th century, found in the Franciscan monastery on the islet of Košljun.

Unidentified author, last quarter of the 19th century

Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia
Photo archive of the Conservation Department in Rijeka
Inv. No. 24701, neg. I-3056
Other Chapters
Cultural landscapes
A valid phrase describing the concept of a cultural landscape is “a space with identity.” In other words, the most concise definition of a cultural landscape is: a combined work of nature and humans. Although the term “cultural landscape” has been present in geographical terminology since the early 20th century, the key year for its international legal protection is 1992, when it was recognized as a distinct category of cultural heritage.
Banovina and Kostajnica
This heritage conservation photograph takes you into the historic noble seat of the Zrinski and Frankopan families, but also into the folk world of wooden, ornamented, ever-anchored boats.
Fishing, maritime, and river navigation
Fishing, maritime, and river navigation have been an integral part of human life since time immemorial, so it is no surprise that they are captured in old black-and-white conservation photographs with a hint of sepia. Beyond documenting the traditional activities of this economic sector, they continue to play a role in modern economic life, possessing a notable potential for societal development.
Traditional agriculture
Farming has always been the backbone of rural areas. It forms the foundation of food security and economic sovereignty for every region and nation, and it is inseparably linked to the diligent, calloused hands of our people. Conservation heritage photography tells this story in its own distinctive way.
Vedutas and scenes
Vedutas are painterly or (photo)graphic works that depict a part of the landscape—rural or urban, a square, street, or similar—in a detailed and faithful manner, regularly employing perspective to convey a sense of spatial depth. Vedutas become even more striking and lively when they include context, such as scenes with people and/or animals, whether these figures serve as nearly equal participants in the spatial composition or merely as its embellishment. Conservation photography often captures such veduta views, frequently and enthusiastically.
Spaces of intimacy
Alongside monumental cultural heritage—shared treasures of the broader community, the nation, and even the world—conservation heritage photography also gladly records another form of heritage: the opposite extreme of communal life, namely human intimacy. This represents the inalienable and unique inner and emotional world of an individual person.
Portraits
Whether in literature, painting, or photography, the portrait—one of the most direct literary or visual expressions of human intimacy—can either offer only a superficial engagement with the subject, presenting merely the model’s appearance, or it can pursue a deeper, more thoughtful, and intimate approach, contributing to the subject’s individualization and characterization.
Musical organs
Organs, queens among musical instruments, companions of St. Cecilia and symphonic ensembles, which originated in antiquity as hydraulis (the distant ancestors of today’s sea organs in Zadar!) and were gilded during the Baroque period—especially thanks to Bach’s virtuosity—were the focus of systematic study and protection during the Musical Instrument Protection campaign carried out by the national conservation service from 1972 to 1975. During this three-year fieldwork, aimed at documenting, systematizing, evaluating, and appropriately safeguarding musical instruments across the Republic of Croatia, just under 800 organs—mostly of monumental significance—were recorded, and a total of 5,462 photographs were taken. This effort formed the basis for the creation of the Unique National Register of Historic Organs.
Intangible cultural heritage
Intangible cultural heritage refers to practices, performances, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities, groups, and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage, transmitting them from generation to generation. Unlike tangible heritage (monuments, objects), intangible heritage is “living,” constantly evolving, and provides a sense of identity and continuity. The following photographs, taken in the early 1960s, illustrate that the recognition of the importance of intangible heritage among Croatian conservators preceded UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (1989), the UNESCO Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (1998), and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) by two decades or more. These international frameworks ultimately led, in 2006, to the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, following ratification by a sufficient number of states.
Tourism and culture
Heritage photographs in general, including those presented in our virtual exhibition, although created long before the establishment of cultural tourism, should be valued not only for their contribution to our culture and tourism—since they promote our regions, monuments, and people—but also more broadly as a powerful national and social reference. They raise awareness of our identity and uniqueness in increasingly globalized and challenging times ahead.
Chiaro-scuro photographs
Must conservation photography be solely functional and documentary, or is it sometimes allowed the freedom to venture into interpretative realms? Reflect on this question in light of the following photographs…
Sign-off
The conservators and the eKultura team of the Ministry of Culture and Media thank you for your attention!
Impresum
Author of the exhibition: M.Sc. Sanja GrkovićMinistry of Culture and Media – Photo archive of cultural heritage The virtual exhibition was prepared by the Cultural Heritage Digitization OfficeMinistry of Culture and Media Photo preparation: DIGITAL FOTO ART, Dragutin Škreblin
Cultural landscapes
A valid phrase describing the concept of a cultural landscape is “a space with identity.” In other words, the most concise definition of a cultural landscape is: a combined work of nature and humans. Although the term “cultural landscape” has been present in geographical terminology since the early 20th century, the key year for its international legal protection is 1992, when it was recognized as a distinct category of cultural heritage.
Banovina and Kostajnica
This heritage conservation photograph takes you into the historic noble seat of the Zrinski and Frankopan families, but also into the folk world of wooden, ornamented, ever-anchored boats.
Fishing, maritime, and river navigation
Fishing, maritime, and river navigation have been an integral part of human life since time immemorial, so it is no surprise that they are captured in old black-and-white conservation photographs with a hint of sepia. Beyond documenting the traditional activities of this economic sector, they continue to play a role in modern economic life, possessing a notable potential for societal development.
Traditional agriculture
Farming has always been the backbone of rural areas. It forms the foundation of food security and economic sovereignty for every region and nation, and it is inseparably linked to the diligent, calloused hands of our people. Conservation heritage photography tells this story in its own distinctive way.
Vedutas and scenes
Vedutas are painterly or (photo)graphic works that depict a part of the landscape—rural or urban, a square, street, or similar—in a detailed and faithful manner, regularly employing perspective to convey a sense of spatial depth. Vedutas become even more striking and lively when they include context, such as scenes with people and/or animals, whether these figures serve as nearly equal participants in the spatial composition or merely as its embellishment. Conservation photography often captures such veduta views, frequently and enthusiastically.
Spaces of intimacy
Alongside monumental cultural heritage—shared treasures of the broader community, the nation, and even the world—conservation heritage photography also gladly records another form of heritage: the opposite extreme of communal life, namely human intimacy. This represents the inalienable and unique inner and emotional world of an individual person.
Portraits
Whether in literature, painting, or photography, the portrait—one of the most direct literary or visual expressions of human intimacy—can either offer only a superficial engagement with the subject, presenting merely the model’s appearance, or it can pursue a deeper, more thoughtful, and intimate approach, contributing to the subject’s individualization and characterization.
Musical organs
Organs, queens among musical instruments, companions of St. Cecilia and symphonic ensembles, which originated in antiquity as hydraulis (the distant ancestors of today’s sea organs in Zadar!) and were gilded during the Baroque period—especially thanks to Bach’s virtuosity—were the focus of systematic study and protection during the Musical Instrument Protection campaign carried out by the national conservation service from 1972 to 1975. During this three-year fieldwork, aimed at documenting, systematizing, evaluating, and appropriately safeguarding musical instruments across the Republic of Croatia, just under 800 organs—mostly of monumental significance—were recorded, and a total of 5,462 photographs were taken. This effort formed the basis for the creation of the Unique National Register of Historic Organs.
Intangible cultural heritage
Intangible cultural heritage refers to practices, performances, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities, groups, and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage, transmitting them from generation to generation. Unlike tangible heritage (monuments, objects), intangible heritage is “living,” constantly evolving, and provides a sense of identity and continuity. The following photographs, taken in the early 1960s, illustrate that the recognition of the importance of intangible heritage among Croatian conservators preceded UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore (1989), the UNESCO Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (1998), and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) by two decades or more. These international frameworks ultimately led, in 2006, to the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, following ratification by a sufficient number of states.
Tourism and culture
Heritage photographs in general, including those presented in our virtual exhibition, although created long before the establishment of cultural tourism, should be valued not only for their contribution to our culture and tourism—since they promote our regions, monuments, and people—but also more broadly as a powerful national and social reference. They raise awareness of our identity and uniqueness in increasingly globalized and challenging times ahead.
Chiaro-scuro photographs
Must conservation photography be solely functional and documentary, or is it sometimes allowed the freedom to venture into interpretative realms? Reflect on this question in light of the following photographs…
Sign-off
The conservators and the eKultura team of the Ministry of Culture and Media thank you for your attention!
Impresum
Author of the exhibition: M.Sc. Sanja GrkovićMinistry of Culture and Media – Photo archive of cultural heritage The virtual exhibition was prepared by the Cultural Heritage Digitization OfficeMinistry of Culture and Media Photo preparation: DIGITAL FOTO ART, Dragutin Škreblin
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